Refrigerating apparatus



6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 25, 1958 IN VENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

June 30, 1942. H. F. SMITH REFRIGERATING APPARATUS 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 25, 1938 A \k 0% N KW m Sn 6% I SK ii K N a W w lvl I @w :i: v \w n U 7 U 0 7 I 3 \w w 3 n m I ll; ll l l u l u m l 1 m m dwrwfj q w N In 3 l l llllll k r--k l- N r an uvln MN MN am 3 QM NM MM \N Mum Nww A TTORNEYfi.

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June 30, 1942. H. F. SMITH REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Filed Nov. 25, 1938 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 g z I E?VENTOR.

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IN ENTOR.

June 30, 1942. v H. F. SMITH I 2,288,114

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS 7 Filed Nov. 25, 1958 6 Sheets-Sheet e ATTORNEYS Patented June 30, 1942 REFRIGERATING APPARATUS Harry F. Smith, Lexington, Ohio, assignor to General Motors Corporation, Dayton, Ohio, a

corporation of Delaware Application November 25, 1938, Serial No. 242,212

1 Claim.

This invention relates to refrigeration and more particularly to refrigerating apparatus for conditioning air in vehicles and the like.

It i an object of this invention to provide an improved speed responsive actuating mechanism When this invention is applied to a railway car or the like, the axle II is preferably caused to drive a jackshaft l5 floatingly mounted on the vehicle by any suitable means. The drive be- 5 tween the axle II and theshaft 15 preferably for controlling a variable ratio drive. v takes the form of'a multiple belt I! which drives Further objects and advantages of the present the jackshaft H5 at a greater rotational speed invention will be apparent from the following dethan the axle II. The driven portion It of the scription, reference being had to the accompanyvariable speed drive may be mounted on a shaft ing drawings, wherein a preferred form of the I8 which in turn drives the compressor I through present invention is clearly shown. the medium of belts l9 interposed between the In the drawings: pulley 20 of the shaft l8 and the pulley 2| of the 'Fig. 1 is a plan view somewhat diagrammatic compressor Ill. The condenser fan is also of a portion of an apparatus embodying features driven by the shaft l8 through the medium of of the invention; belts 6 which drive the jackshaft I which in turn Fig. 2 is a CIOSs sectional view of the driven drives the fan 6 through the medium of belts 8. pulley portion of the variable ratio drive; If desired, the shaft I8 may form a portion of Fig. v3 is a fragmentary sectional view of the the dynamo-electric machine 22 which may be driven pulley portion of the variable ratio drive used to drive the compressor at such times when h in the pneum Operator fully deflated; the vehicle is traveling at speeds too slow. to F 4 is a fr m y Sectional ew t n 0 properly operate the compressor. The dynamoline 4-4 of Fig.\2; electric machine 22 may be used as agenerator Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken for charging the battery at such times when the 01111118 of speed of the vehicle is sumcient to properly Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view of the driving operate t compressor d generate r nt, member of the Variable ratio drive; A variable ratio drive preferably includes fric- Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view showing tionally connected t t parts having a m t driving em of the Variable ratio drive effective power transmitting diameters and is m ainothfer Posltlon} I providedwith means for automatically varying 8 1s Plan View of a dlfierem these diameters to compensate for variations in lengement of the Variable who drive mecha" the speed of travel of the vehicle. These fric- 'P h tionally connected rotated parts preferably take a fragmentary sectwilal the form of one or more driving pulleys 23 and some of the details of the var1able ratio drive one or more driven pulleys between which are psg 1 placed one or more belts 25. One or moreof the In 93 3 is; W1 i z q v8 f fi pulleys is provided with relatively movable ls pmvl 6 W Vane e 10 nve y w flanges, the relative movement of. which varies an apparatus Such as cmpressr an the eirective belt diameter of th ulle or pulleys conditioning system is driven at desired or perd th th d y th 1 missible speeds, notwithstanding the variations i Vane? e spee f 10 e ween e x e in the speed of travel of the vehicle. The comand the compressor pressor I discharges compressed refrigerant into h preferred d the dnvmg the condenser 2. The condensed refrigerant is P P P f of which evaporated in the evaporator 3 located in the 1S provlded Wlth an axially fixed of i vehicle 4. Preferably the variable ratioidriv'e is shaped flanges and and of anally interposed between the compressor and some movable cone'shaped flanges and rotating part of the vehicle 4 which rotates in flanges 30 and 3| are directed in one axial direcdirect proportion to the speed f the vehic1e tion and the flanges 32 and 33 are directed'in the For example, the rotating part may be an axle opposite axial direction thus to f the V ll'which carries a wheel 12 of the vehicle. The pulleys g e p ovi ed fo auto i a y axle ll actuates the driver portion is of the movine'atleast e of t e p s of'fla s, such variable ratio drive which in turn drives the as flanges 32 d in a manner to be more driven portion H of the variable ratio drive from fully described; in order o a y the ec ve belt whence the power is transmitted by suitable indrive diameter. This variation in diameter strumentalities to the compressor I. causes the belts 25'to ride far out on the pulley .belt 25 properly tight at all times.

as shown in Fig. 7.

It will be observed that the effective radius of the driving pulleys will be determined by two factors, first, the pressure exerted by the spring 90 and, secndly, by the spreading force exerted by the belts 25. The actual operation of the driving pulley mechanism shown in Figs. 6 and 7 is much the same as the operation of the driving pulleys shown in Figs. and 6 of copending application Serial Number 742,490, flied September 1, 1934. However, the mechanism has been slightly simplified and a different type of spring has been used. The spring "biases the flange 30 toward theflange' 3| at all times and the spring pressure is just sufficient to maintain the Movement of the flange 33 imparts a corresponding movement to the flange 32 through the sleeve mechanism 33a which secures the flanges 32 and 33 together. The pulleys 23 are locked to the shaft l5 and rotate in unison therewith at all times.

The driven portion of the variable drive |4 shown more-in detail in Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 is preferably also provided with a pair of pulleys 24. These pulleys are formed by relatively movable conical flanges somewhat similar to the driving member l3. ,Thus, axially fixed flanges 40 and 4| are directed in the same general axial direction while the movable flanges 42 and 43 are directed in the opposite direction to form V- shaped grooves or. pulleys. The movable flanges 42, and 43 are linked together by means of sleeve elements 8|). Here, also, automatic means are provided for causing relative movement between these flanges whereby the belts 25 are caused to move axially inwardly or outwardly to vary pie, the belts 25 are shown at the bottom of the rooves formed by the flanges. In Fig. 3 the belts 25 are shown in the outer position in which parts, reference is hereby made to said application. However, the arrangement for'automatically varying the effective belt diameters of the pulleys is an improvement over the arrangement disclosed in the above mentioned copending application. The means for automatically varying the effective belt diameter of the pulleys preferably is speed responsive in character. Inasmuch as railway vehicles are generally provided with a source of fluid under pressure for operating the brakes, the same supply of fluid under pressure may be used for operating a pneumatic means for varying the effective belt diameters of the pulleys. As shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, the pulleys 24 are rotatably supported on the main shaft I8. The entire pulley structure is locked to the member 53 and is floatingly mounted on the shaft It by bearings 24a and 24b. When the belts 25 move outwardly on the driven pulleys from the p0sition shown in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 3 the tension on the belts causes them to move inwardly on the driving member l3 from the position shown in Fig. 6 to the position shown in Fig.7.

In place of using centrifugal devices of the character described in the above mentioned oothe effective belt diameters. In Fig. 2, for examas shown in Fig. 6 or nearer towards the center pending application for wedging the driven pulleys 24 together, I have provided a pneumatic means which in turn is controlled by a centrifugal plunger 50 radially disposed in bore 5| provided in the member 52. The member 52 is secured to the clutch plate member 53 and this in turn is 'non-rotatably secured to the pulleys 24 through the pins 54. The plunger 50 is biased radially inwardly by means of the spring member 55. 'On the outer end of the plunger 50 is provided a needle member 56 which modulates the flow of fluid through the bleeder port 51. In order to engage the clutch mechanism which .comprises the clutch disc 58 and thecooperating clutch plate flanges 53 and 60,

compressed air or the equivalent is supplied in communication with the passage 68 leading to the clutch operating chamber 10. Whenever fluid under pressure is admitted to the chamber 10, the clutch operating diaphragm 1| moves-the clutch plate 59 to the right as viewed in Fig. 2 whereby the shaft |8 carrying-the clutch disc 58 is caused to rotate in unison with the driven pulleys 24. A passage 12 leads from the pressure chamber 1|! into the radial bore 5| in which the plunger 50 is mounted. 'As best shown in Figs. 4 and 5 the shapeand the size of the plunger is such that the plunger is free to reciprocate within the bore 5| and also permits the free flow of fluid from the passage 12 to passages 13 and 14 leading to a resilient tube 15 which surrounds the shaft l8 and which is placed between the member 53 and the flange 42 of the pulley The resilient tube 15 comprises an inner rubber or rubber-like casing 16 and an outer protective casing 11 of fabric or the like. At low vehicle speeds when air is supplied to the passage 5| enough air leaks .out through the passage 51 to prevent the pressure within the tube |5 from building up enough to inflate the tube. As the speed of the pulleys 24 increases the plunger 50 moves outwardly and begins to restrict the flow of fluid through the port 51 with the result that the pressure begins to build up within the resilient tube 15. As the pressure builds up within the resilient tube 15 this tube expands with the result that the pulley flanges 42 and 43 are shifted longitudinally on the pins 54 thereby changing the effective pulley radius.

In Fig. 31 have shown the shape which the tube assumes when the vehicle is traveling at such a speed that the plunger 50 has moved radially outwardly to such a position that the needle' 56 carried thereby has substantially closed the bleeder port 51. A very slight variation in I the speed of the rotating elements of the assem- -Air from the chamber fied arrangement in which the means for automatically varying the effective belt diameters is mounted on the driving member carried on the jackshaft l5 and in which the driven pulleys are mounted on the shaft l8 of the dynamo-electric machine. In this modification a slightly different speed responsive plunger arrangement is provided since with the speed responsive means mounted on the shaft l5, it is necessary to have the pneumatic tube expand in responseto a decrease in speed rather than an increase in speed. In order to accomplish this, the construction of the speed responsive plunger has been slightly changed.

Referring to Fig. 9 the plunger 50a which corresponds to the plunger 50 in the other modification is provided with a needle valve member 56a at its inner end which controls the escape of fluid through the bleeder port 51a. The arrangement is such that at slow speeds the plunger is in an inner position whereby the needle 56a fully closes the bl eeder port 51a. As the speed of the jackshaft l5 increases, the rotational speed of the plunger -a increases, and as the speed of the rotating parts increases the needle 56a permits a greater amount of fluid to'escape through the port 51a. In other respects the arrangement shown in Figs. 8 and 9 are similar to the arrangement shown in the other figures.

While the form of embodiment of the invention as herein disclosed, constitutes'a preferred form, it is to be understood that other forms might be adopted, all coming within the scope of the claim which follows.

What is claimed is as follows:

A variable ratio drive including a driver member, a driven member, means whereby said driver member drives said driven member, means for varying the speed of said driven member with respect to the speed of said driver member, pneumatic means for controlling said last named means, means for supplying fluid under pressure to said pneumatic means, a radially extending bore in one of said members, a plunger slidably mounted in said bore and adapted to slide outwardly in response to centrifugal force, spring means biasing said plunger inwardly, and means whereby movement of said plunger in said bore varies the operation of said pneumatic means so as to vary the speed of said driven member.

HARRY F. SMITH. 

